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CTSA Program Resources Help UCLA Scientists Visualize Key Enzyme in Cancer and Aging |
Scientists at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) recently produced the clearest-ever image of telomerase, an enzyme involved in cancer and aging. This knowledge could inform development of anti-cancer and anti-aging therapies. The research was enabled in part by an award from the UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), an NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hub.
UCLA biochemist Juli Feigon, Ph.D., and members of the collaborative team (from left to right: postdoctoral fellow Jiansen Jiang, Ph.D., graduate student Henry Chan and molecular biology and immunology professor Hong Zhou, Ph.D., stand in front of the Titan Krios electron microscope used for cryo-electron microscopy experiments. (UCLA Photo)
The telomerase enzyme works to keep cells alive and healthy by renewing telomeres, the caps of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from damage. Telomeres shorten every time a cell divides, eventually prompting the cell to stop dividing or die. In some cells, telomerase slows this process. Drugs that enhance telomerase activity could be used to treat various aging-related conditions. Conversely, most cancers involve abnormally elevated levels of telomerase activity, so drugs that block telomerase potentially could treat cancer.
The research was published in the Oct. 30, 2015, issue of the journal Science. Senior author Juli Feigon, Ph.D., a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UCLA, applied for the CTSI award to fund the imaging of telomerase using a special, high-powered microscopy technique called cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) in collaboration with Hong Zhou, Ph.D., a UCLA professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics. “We had very limited funds for cryo-EM research, so the CTSI award greatly facilitated the project and allowed us to obtain the first-ever cryo-EM structure of telomerase,” said Feigon.
CTSI staff issue the peer-reviewed awards to investigators on a competitive basis to be used as credit at any of UCLA’s core facilities, which house shared research resources for university scientists. Applicants must demonstrate the translational relevance of their research.
Feigon’s team, in collaboration with Kathleen Collins, Ph.D., a professor of biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, used a one-celled organism called Tetrahymena, which contains telomerase that is much easier to access than human telomerase. The work uncovered that Tetrahymena telomerase structure is much more similar to human telomerase, and thus a better model for it, than previously thought. In addition to more clearly visualizing the enzyme’s structure, the team was able to gain insight into how telomerase interacts with telomeres.
“Basic science discoveries such as this one are an important first step in the translational process,” said Steven M. Dubinett, M.D., director of the UCLA CTSI. “The CTSI awards program provides an avenue for investigators to quickly access resources they need to answer important translational science questions.”
The group used several other modes of high-powered imaging to confirm their findings. Feigon said her team’s discovery has underscored the power of this multi-modal approach, called integrative structural biology. It is a platform that other researchers can use to more effectively study and visualize other important molecules. The study’s findings also could offer critical information for the future development of telomerase-targeting therapies for cancer and aging-related conditions.
Feigon’s research is not yet complete: She and her team are continuing to study the telomerase images and are working to obtain even higher-resolution pictures to gain further insights into the enzyme’s structure and function.
Posted June 2016
In addition to CTSA Program funding for cryo-EM, the research was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Science Foundation.
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NCATS SMART IRB Platform |
×UPDATE: The SMART IRB Reliance Agreement has reached 1,000 signatories, making it one of the largest medical research study reliance agreements in the United States. Learn more about the milestone.Through its Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program, we developed a single institutional review board (IRB) platform for multisite clinical studies: the NCATS Streamlined, Multisite, Accelerated Resources for Trials (SMART) IRB Platform. The goal is to provide flexible resources that investigators nationwide can use to harmonize and streamline IRB review for their own multisite studies. The process of obtaining ethical approval by multiple IRBs is a longstanding challenge that can lead to significant delays in study activation. One way to streamline the IRB review process and provide more consistent, high-quality reviews is for all sites participating in a multisite clinical study to rely on the ethical review of a single IRB. This concept is called a single IRB reliance model.We intend for the SMART IRB Platform to serve as a roadmap to help implement the NIH policy originally released on June 21, 2016, that requires all NIH-funded multisite clinical studies to use a single IRB.There are different types of single IRB models, including the following: • Central IRB: The same IRB of record (also known as the reviewing IRB) provides the ethical review for all sites participating in more than one multisite study. The sites are usually in a network, consortium or particular program. • Single IRB: One IRB of record (or reviewing IRB), selected on a study-by-study basis, provides the ethical review for all sites participating in that multisite study. Jessica Mast, R.N., assists during an ultrasound performed by Zhaohui Gao, Ph.D., on study volunteer Josh Miller for one of many heart research studies at Penn State Hershey. (Penn State College of Medicine Photo/Darrell Peterson)The NCATS SMART IRB Platform was developed with input from experts across the nation, including several CTSA Program representatives who are recognized authorities on IRBs. The platform is based on the successful experiences of NIH central IRB initiatives and on a CTSA Program demonstration project using a single IRB reliance model. Building on the IRBrely model, the NCATS SMART IRB Platform is designed to be a flexible option that can be used to set up a central IRB for a network of many studies or a single IRB for one multisite study. The NCATS SMART IRB Platform will provide the following harmonized (i.e., consistent) approach, so that the platform can easily be used by any clinical research network or even a single investigator wishing to conduct a multisite clinical study: • Authorization and joinder agreements: o Authorization agreement: An umbrella agreement that establishes a harmonized approach for roles and responsibilities of the single IRB (also known as the reviewing IRB or IRB of record) and the participating sites (also known as the relying institutions). The authorization agreement is also known as a reliance agreement. o Joinder agreement: An agreement that enables institutions to sign on to or join the SMART IRB Platform authorization agreement. • Guidance documents: Documents that describe how to use the authorization and joinder agreements and further describe how the single (reviewing) IRB, study team and sites (relying institutions) work together. There also will be best practices for implementing the NCATS SMART IRB Platform. The NCATS SMART IRB Platform involves two steps: • The first step is signing on to the NCATS SMART IRB Platform authorization agreement. Institutions sign the joinder, which documents their agreement with the roles established in the authorization agreement. This is done once. CTSA Program hubs and affiliates can visit SMARTIRB.org to learn more and join. • The second step is designating an IRB to be the single IRB (the reviewing IRB) and identifying the participating sites that will rely on the IRB for the review of a multisite study. The platform is flexible and can be used for one investigator-initiated multisite study or for a network conducting many multisite studies. |
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2015 CTSA Program in Action |
The CTSA program is designed to strengthen and support the entire spectrum of translational research from scientific discovery to improved patient care.
November 2015
October 2015
September 2015
August 2015
May 2015
February 2015
November 2015
Through a CTSA Program-supported KL2 Career Scholar Award, Dana Suskind, M.D., professor of surgery and pediatrics and director of the pediatric cochlear implant program at the University of Chicago Institute for Translational Medicine, leveraged her expertise and research background to establish the Thirty Million Words® Initiative. Through this effort, she and other researchers are developing and disseminating evidence-based, parent-directed programs to encourage early brain development. Her research continues to inform her scientific peers and the broader public, demonstrating the promise of the CTSA Program training investment.
October 2015
To help address challenges and get more treatments to more patients more quickly, NCATS announced new funding for 18 CTSA Program hubs. New awardees include the State University of New York at Buffalo and Wake Forest University Health Sciences.
In response to the federal government's release of proposed changes to the Common Rule, which protects human subjects involved in research, CTSA Program representatives hosted a series of informational meetings to enhance understanding and facilitate public discussion about the proposed changes and their implications.
September 2015
CTSA Program investigators made progress toward creating IRBrely, a national institutional review board (IRB) reliance agreement to streamline the review and approval of multisite clinical trials. The team is set to launch a pilot that will test components of IRBrely.
August 2015
On Aug. 4, 2015, the White House announced that NIH is expanding its Innovation Corps (I-Corps™) training program to speed the commercialization of biomedical technologies developed with federal small business funding. The I-Corps "train-the-trainer" program will be offered to up to 10 institutions supported through the CTSA Program.
May 2015
A Michigan research team funded in part by NCATS' CTSA Program and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has developed a life-saving diagnostic device that can test extremely small blood samples. The team is continuing development of the device and exploring commercial and regulatory pathways that could lead to approval for use in the clinic.
February 2015
At the February 2015 CTSA Program principal investigators' meeting, researchers supported through the program provided updates about:
Release and adoption of the Accelerated Clinical Trial Agreement
Progress through the CTSA Accrual to Clinical Trials initiative
The initiative to develop a consensus CTSA Program scientific review process
Standardized Good Clinical Practice training for teams across the consortium
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2016 CTSA Program in Action |
The CTSA program is designed to strengthen and support the entire spectrum of translational research from scientific discovery to improved patient care.
December 2016
October 2016
September 2016
August 2016
June 2016
May 2016
April 2016
February 2016
January 2016
December 2016
A team of bioinformatics scientists from the Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI) invented a web-based technology platform to arrange biomedical literature into a format that is easier for computers to organize and analyze.
October 2016
The Trial Innovation Network is a new collaborative initiative within NCATS’ CTSA Program, composed of three key organizational partners: Trial Innovation Centers, a Recruitment Innovation Center and CTSA Program hubs. Features will include a single institutional review board system, master contracting agreements, quality-by-design approaches, and a focus on evidence-based strategies for recruitment and patient engagement.
In fall 2016, NCATS funded the set of first CTSA Program Collaborative Innovation Awards, which are designed to stimulate team-based research across the program’s network. The funded projects reflect program goals and cover a broad spectrum of translational science, ranging from diagnostics and clinical trial design to patient-reported outcomes and community engagement.
September 2016
Stanford University researchers have developed a new test for diagnosing diseases, including thyroid cancer, HIV and type 1 diabetes. The method appears to be many times more sensitive than some traditional diagnostic tests, meaning that it potentially can detect illnesses earlier, enabling clinicians to treat patients sooner and possibly slow disease progression.
August 2016
Older adults often face aging-related ailments that can be costly and shorten lifespans. However, some people live long lives without encountering these common health problems. What sets apart healthy agers from their peers? Researchers at Scripps Translational Science Institute are conducting a study of the “Wellderly” to find out.
June 2016
With support from NCATS’ Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program, scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles recently produced the clearest-ever image of telomerase, an enzyme involved in cancer and aging. This knowledge could inform the development of anti-cancer and anti-aging therapies.
May 2016
On May 2, 2016, NCATS held a workshop for Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program representatives and other innovators in clinical research management to educate them about using its new single institutional review board (IRB) reliance platform for multisite clinical studies. The NCATS Streamlined, Multisite, Accelerated Resources for Trials (SMART) IRB Reliance Platform is based on the successful experiences of NIH single IRB initiatives and from CTSA Program demonstration projects using a model called IRBrely.
April 2016
Support from the CTSA Program is helping Suhrud Rajguru, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the University of Miami Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Otolaryngology, improve cochlear implant surgery. With a pilot grant from the university’s Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Rajguru refined and tested a device to prevent damage to inner ear cells during surgery by delivering mild hypothermia. He also has leveraged CTSA Program resources to successfully apply for additional grants and engage with a potential industry partner to advance the device from the laboratory to the clinic.
CTSA Program representatives recently collaborated with patient advocacy groups to host four national meetings promoting public engagement in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects. Federal agencies released the NPRM to garner public comment on proposals to improve and modernize the Common Rule, which is a set of federal regulations to protect human subjects involved in trials while facilitating valuable research and reducing burden, delay and ambiguity for investigators. More than 1,400 people attended the meetings.
February 2016
CTSA Program hub researchers at the University of New Mexico, University of Kansas Medical Center, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, collaborated to establish the Drug Rescue, Repurposing and Repositioning Network to more rapidly test existing drugs and advance those showing promise into clinical trials. The Network provides CTSA Program investigators with access to state-of-the-art technology, innovative tools, and guidance in translating pilot projects from preclinical to clinical stages via drug repurposing.
January 2016
Ronald L. Hickman Jr., Ph.D., R.N., ACNP-BC, FAAN, an associate professor at Case Western Reserve University’s Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing and an acute care nurse, is applying the knowledge and guidance he gained as a CTSA Program Clinical Research Scholar (KL2) to help develop a new tool called Interactive Virtual Decision Support for End of Life and Palliative Care (INVOLVE). The tool helps users make end-of-life decisions well in advance of an emergency in the intensive care unit.
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News Brief: CTSA Program Supports Streamlined Clinical Trial Recruitment |
Researchers at the University of New Mexico (UNM) Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC) recently established the Participant Recruitment Service (PRS). Supported through NCATS’ Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program, the goal is to streamline and improve recruitment rates for clinical trials while maintaining patient privacy.
Richard Larson, M.D., Ph.D., says support from the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program enables discoveries to improve the health and well-being of New Mexicans. (UNM Health Sciences Center Photo)
Slow recruitment is a common problem for clinical trials and often delays the launch of research studies. At UNM, recruitment is particularly challenging because of New Mexico’s largely rural and dispersed population. Before the PRS, UNM clinicians recruited participants primarily when they came to the clinic for care or treatment.
CTSC researchers developed the PRS as a centralized service available to all UNM investigators to facilitate participant recruitment in research studies, enable investigators to broaden their search for participants and enroll them in institutional review board (IRB)-approved clinical trials more effectively. Researchers using this service have access to CTSC Research Participant Advocates (RPAs), who are trained in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), participant rights and cultural sensitivity. The RPAs receive an electronic medical record (EMR)-derived list of potential participants and call them to gauge their interest in the study. Because investigators cannot access health information or contact patients, the PRS protects participants against coercion.
“The UNM CTSC has demonstrated that it is possible to query the EMR for the purposes of clinical research recruitment in a manner that is respectful of patient privacy rights and fully compliant with applicable laws,” said Richard Larson, M.D., Ph.D., principal investigator of the UNM CTSC.
Over the past year, investigators have used the PRS to contact more than 1,300 potential participants, with approximately 530 agreeing to receive further contact.
“Accrual of participants to trials has increased tremendously in the nearly two years since PRS was launched,” Larson said. “We are seeing about a 25 percent increase in accrual rates per year,” he added.
Posted May 2016
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4524 |
Assay Guidance Manual |
The Assay Guidance Manual (AGM) is a free, best-practices online resource devoted to the successful development of robust, early-stage drug discovery assays.
The manual was originally developed by Eli Lilly and Company to provide step-by-step guidance based on “tribal knowledge” from drug developers for planning and creating projects for high-throughput screening, lead optimization and early phases of regulated drug development. Tribal knowledge is any unwritten, well-tested information that is not commonly known by others within an institution. Well-tested methods outlined in the manual address appropriate statistical ways to analyze assay results and accommodate minor changes to assay protocols to ensure robustness.
Investigators worldwide can use the manual to design biologically and pharmacologically relevant assays for high-throughput screening and lead optimization to evaluate collections of molecules that modulate the activity of biological targets, pathways and cellular phenotypes.
NCATS manages the content of the manual with input from industry, academia and government experts. More than 100 authors from around the world have contributed content to this free resource, which is updated quarterly and housed by the National Library of Medicine. The chapters have PubMed citations for the contributing authors.
View the latest Assay Guidance Manual fact sheet (PDF - 229KB) to learn more about this NCATS-led initiative.
Training Opportunities
NCATS offers AGM training workshops designed to share best practices and advice on robust assay design, development, and implementation for researchers involved in the drug discovery process. Learn more about these training opportunities.
AGM Publications
Read publications about the AGM initiative.
Assay Guidance Manual: Quantitative Biology and Pharmacology in Preclinical Drug Discovery
The NCATS Assay Guidance Manual Programme: Advancing the Practice and Rigour of Preclinical Translation
Contacts
Sarine Markossian, Ph.D.
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Learn more about NCATS' Assay Guidance Manual |
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Assay Guidance Manual |
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Translator Projects |
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With the goal of developing a Biomedical Data Translator to combine the vast amounts of currently available medical research data and speed up the development of new treatments, NCATS gave awards to form project teams of experts from different leading universities and research institutions. In the first phase of the program, teams established feasibility, producing new biological insights and figuring out novel therapeutic opportunities using a combination of existing literature, experimental characterization and clinical data. Translator awardees are now beginning in earnest to build the tools needed to support the combination of diverse data types and show the potential impact of mining those combined data using new analytical tools that promote the discovery of complex relationships between the data for the research community. Tweet lang: en_USCredit: National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesClick the image above to download the Translator process graphic.Translator Draft Architecture. A researcher will be able to use NCATS Biomedical Data Translator to help answer difficult biomedical questions like “predict treatments for disease Y.” The query will be sent to Translator’s Autonomous Relay Agents (ARAs) to determine how best to answer the query. The ARA will break the query into smaller tasks that are transmitted to rich, specialty knowledge bases called Knowledge Providers (KPs). This process will be iterative, such that the ARAs and KPs can build on information from the others. Researchers will be able to explore this distilled knowledge and help them to develop new research hypotheses that lead to new scientific discoveries!Translator InvestigatorsThe following Translator Investigators are grouped by team name.Open All(im)Prove AgentInstitute for Systems BiologySui HuangUniversity of California San FranciscoSergio BaranziniClinical Data Services ProviderColumbia UniversityCasey TaChunhua WengMaastricht UniversityMichel DumontierConnection Hypothesis Provider Dartmouth UniversityEugene SantosExpander AgentInstitute for Systems BiologyEric DeutschOregon State UniversityStephen RamseyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityDavid KoslickiExplanatory Agent Drexel UniversityRosina WeberTufts UniversityJoseph GormleyScripps ResearchAndrew SuExposures ProviderRenaissance Computing Institute at University of North Carolina, Chapel HillStanley AhaltAshok KrishnamurthyGenetics ProviderBroad InstituteJason Flannick Molecular Data ProviderBroad InstitutePaul Clemons Multiomics ProviderInstitute for Systems BiologyGustavo GlusmanJennifer HadlockIlya Schmulevich Ranking AgentCoVar Applied TechnologiesPatrick WangRenaissance Computing Institute at University of North Carolina, Chapel HillAlexander Tropsha Service ProviderScripps ResearchChunlei Wu Standards and Reference ImplementationLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryChristopher Mungall Oregon State UniversityMelissa Haendel Renaissance Computing Institute at University of North Carolina, Chapel HillChristopher Bizon Text Mining ProviderUniversity of Colorado DenverLawrence Hunter Unsecret AgentThe University of Alabama at BirminghamWilliam Byrd Matthew Might |
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Translator Projects |
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Translator Award Policy Guide |
NCATS Other Transaction Award Policy Guide for the Biomedical Data Translator Program (PDF - 400KB): This document describes flexible policies for implementing Other Transaction (OT) awards to support the Biomedical Data Translator program. NCATS will use OT awards, as authorized through the Cures Acceleration Network, to aggregate the necessary scientific and technological expertise for its Biomedical Data Translator program. OT awards will enable NCATS to nimbly add or subtract specific expertise, tools, technologies, and approaches.
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Translator Data Type Examples |
The following list provides a sense of the breadth of data types to be considered for the Biomedical Data Translator, but it is not exhaustive:
Diseases
Signs of disease
Symptoms (from patient registries and natural history studies)
Patient-reported outcomes
Electronic health records
Clinical encounters
Prescription data
Health insurance claims data
Diagnostic labs
Biomedical imaging data
Adverse event reports
Biomarkers
Organ systems
Subanatomy
Tissue types
Cell types
Cell lineages
Cell processes
Organelles
Orthologs/Animal models
Microbiome data
Molecular mechanisms
Signaling pathways
Molecular and cellular networks
Environmental factors
Disease etiologies
Proteomes
Proteins
Post translational modifications (PTMs)
Co-factors
Transcriptomes
Epigenomes
Genes
Genetic mutations
Functional polymorphisms
Therapeutic interventions
Intervention exposure
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
Clinical trial data
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4417 |
Translator Funding Information |
Current Opportunities
There are no open funding opportunities at this time.
Expired Announcements
This expired funding announcement includes details on the application process, eligibility and timelines for the program:
NOT-TR-19-028: Notice of Funding Opportunity Publication for NCATS Biomedical Data Translator: Development (OT2)
NCATS released a new funding opportunity to establish a Biomedical Data Translator Development consortium, with initial funding for up to 15 awards in FY 2020. Read the full FOA text (PDF – 98KB)
NOT-TR-17-023: Notice of Funding Opportunity Publication for Biomedical Data Translator: Technical Feasibility Assessment of Reasoning Tool
NCATS accepted applications to support the research, development and testing of up to three biomedical reasoning tool prototypes for the Biomedical Data Translator program for an estimated total of $1 million each. NCATS used a three-step application process (challenge-concept-proposal) for this expedited program. The duration of each award was less than one year. View the full FOA text (PDF - 607KB).
NOT-TR-16-014: Notice of Funding Opportunity Publication for Biomedical Data Translator: Technical Feasibility Assessment and Architecture Design Projects (OT3)
For the first activity of the Biomedical Data Translator program, NCATS used its Other Transaction (OT) authority to invite interested applicants to submit innovative proposals for addressing the architecture needs to build a biomedical data “translator” and to assess its technical feasibility. Successful applicants not only are contributing their expertise and resources but also are willing to collaborate to revolutionize translational science and propel new discoveries and best practices for practitioners across the translational spectrum, from biologists to chemists to computer scientists, from scientists doing target validation to clinicians seeing patients.
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